Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Fasciola hepatica in Ruminants: Towards Sustainable Control Strategies in Endemic Regions

Abstract

Background: Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke, poses a significant threat to the health of ruminants in numerous regions. Objectives: This investigation was done to determine the prevalence, severity, and potential drug resistance of this parasite in goats from Karak and Lakki Marwat, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 40 goats from both regions. Using sedimentation and McMaster protocols, F. hepatica egg prevalence and infection intensity were determined using feces samples. Using blood samples, hematological indices were analyzed. The effectiveness of triclabendazole was determined by comparing egg counts before and after treatment. Results: Overall prevalence of F. hepatica was 67.5 percent, with regional prevalence of 75 percent in Karak and 60 percent in Lakki Marwat. Karak (250) had a larger average egg count per gram of feces (EPG) than Lakki Marwat (220). In both regions, hematological tests revealed decreased hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) percentages, indicating anemia. EPG reduction following triclabendazole treatment was 80% in Karak and 70.5% in Lakki Marwat, indicating possible emergent drug resistance. Conclusion: The high prevalence and potential drug resistance of F. hepatica in the examined regions highlighted the need for enhanced control strategies and pharmacological diversification. To validate these findings and devise comprehensive intervention strategies, additional research is required.