Zakariya Journal of Social Science

Optimizing Resilience: Impact of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance in Islamic Banking

2025-01-19T13:14:20+00:00

This study examines the intricate relationship between financial performance and credit risk management in Islamic banking, focusing on the ripple effects of key risk indicators. Employing a semi-experimental methodology, we analyzed annual financial data from five top-performing Islamic banks in Pakistan listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) over the period (2019–2023). Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, this research evaluates the impact of Non-Performing Financing (NPF) and Assumed Financial Risk (AFR) on Return on Assets (ROA), a primary metric of financial performance. The findings shows that NPF negatively and significantly impacts ROA (β1 = -0.0655, p < 0.05), underscoring the importance of robust credit risk management practices. Conversely, AFR demonstrates a positive and significant influence on ROA (β2 = 0.00025, p < 0.05), suggesting effective risk assumption strategies enhance profitability. Co-integration tests indicate no long-term equilibrium relationships among ROA, NPF, and AFR, yet random effects regression underscores a significant correlation between credit risk management (CRM) and Islamic banks' performance. The results highlight that Islamic bank conduct meticulous risk evaluations to mitigate adverse effects of credit risks, safeguard depositor equity, and enhance financial outcomes. The study concludes that strategic management of credit risk particularly minimizing NPF and optimizing AFR can significantly boost financial performance. These findings hold critical implications for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to strengthen the resilience and profitability of Islamic financial institutions.

Climate Change and Displacement in Pakistan: Resettlement Policy Challenges and Multisectoral Impacts

2025-02-10T17:51:17+00:00

Pakistan is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change, experiencing severe impacts such as recurrent flooding, glacial melting, and droughts. These environmental crises have led to significant internal displacement, exposing gaps in resettlement policies and creating multifaceted health, economic stability, and social challenges. This review examines the state of resettlement policies in Pakistan, their adequacy in addressing climate-induced displacement, and the resulting impacts on affected populations. This article highlights critical shortcomings by analyzing existing frameworks and case studies and proposes actionable recommendations to develop sustainable and comprehensive resettlement strategies. The study concludes that displacement and climate change are interwoven and transpose a flood of challenges to Pakistan’s development pathway. Its current form suggests that the policies for migration due to climate change are inadequate to respond to the multifaceted consequences of displacement. Therefore, the advanced policies from developed nations should be placed for sustainability.

Modernizing Arabic Education: Cultural Perspectives from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan

2025-03-09T11:10:17+00:00

This study examines the modernization of Arabic education in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, focusing on how cultural and religious factors influence the process. Both countries face unique challenges in balancing the preservation of classical Arabic with the integration of modern teaching methods. While Saudi Arabia emphasizes the need to maintain the sacred nature of Arabic as tied to the Quran, Pakistan has shown greater openness to incorporating modern teaching tools and practical language skills for global communication. The research involves semi-structured interviews with educators and policymakers, surveys of students and teachers, and analysis of Arabic language curricula and textbooks. The findings show that both countries acknowledge the necessity of reforming Arabic education to prepare students for contemporary global challenges, with technology integration being seen as a crucial tool for modernization. However, disparities in access to technology, particularly in rural areas, remain significant barriers. The study suggests that cross-cultural exchanges of best practices between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan could help enhance Arabic education in both countries. The research contributes to the understanding of how cultural perspectives impact educational reforms and provides recommendations for policymakers, educators, and students.

Nongovernmental Organizations Transforming into Social Enterprises in the Process of Institutionalizing Solutions to Major Social Crises for Ensuring Sustainable Social Development

2025-03-17T05:36:55+00:00

This study highlights a significant trend among nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in coping with the challenges they frequently face. Across the world, many NGOs are increasingly transforming into social enterprises. The core reason for this shift is the chase of self-sustainability, particularly financial sustainability, to achieve their long-term objectives of sustainable socioeconomic development. Through a literature review and case study method, this study explores the reasons behind these transformations and NGOs' innovative strategies. The research also emphasizes the institutionalization process, examining the needs, challenges at various stages, and opportunities NGOs encounter. To provide more precise insights, this study presents brief case studies of three renowned NGOs from different countries that have commercialized their activities by offering various revenue-generating products and services. Based on a detailed study and the concepts presented, the research recommends several policies to governments, stakeholders, and other concerned bodies. This simplified concept will help readers, concerned stakeholders and scholars understand this area better and add valuable knowledge.

Climate Change and Gender-Based Violence: A Study of Flood-Affected Women in Rural Sindh, Pakistan

2025-04-09T07:17:43+00:00