Journal of Economics, Management & Business Administration

Leadership, Financial Well-Being, and Workforce Performance in Public Sector

Anwar Kamal Khan, Waqas Uzair, Toqeer Ahmad — Sun, 18 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Leadership is a crucial factor that influences the outcome of an organization more so in the institutions within the public sector whereby the performance of the employees is key in service delivery and in governance. Monetary welfare has become an important determinant of workforce motivation, job satisfaction and general performance. This paper discusses the relationship between leadership styles, financial well-being and performance of the workforce in the Pakistani public sector. Based on the idea of Transformational and Servant Leadership theories, the theory of Conservation of Resources (COR), the research hypothesis states that successful leadership has a positive effect on the financial welfare of employees that subsequently leads to their improved performance at work. The quantitative research design will be applied in collecting the data on the employees of various organizations in the public sector. The results are meant to expand the literature by explaining how leadership affects employee performance in a developing country setting and offer effective suggestions that the policymakers and managers would apply to promote financial as well as performance-related productivity in the government workers.

Impact of Green Fiscal Policies, Renewable Energy Technologies, and Sustainable Investments on Environmental Degradation: Evidence from SAARC Countries

Nazneen Fatema — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the effect of "green fiscal policies" (GFP), "renewable energy technologies" (RET) and "sustainable investments" (SI) on environmental degradation in the SAARC member countries from 2002–2024. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita are used as a proxy for environmental degradation. The independent variables include green fiscal policy (in terms of environmental tax revenue as a percentage of GDP), renewable energy technology adoption (RE share of total final energy consumption) and sustainable investment (Gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP). Two theoretically-informed control variables, trade openness and urbanization, are included to capture structural economic and demographic dimensions that drive emissions trends. The empirical method uses rigorous second generation panel econometric procedures such as the cross sectional dependence diagnostics, CIPS and CADF panel unit root tests, Westerlund panel cointegration test, Cross Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model for short and long run dynamics, and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) estimators for long run coefficient robustness. The analysis is always consistent and shows that the take up of clean energy technology and investments in sustainability have a strong negative impact on CO2 emissions, and that green fiscal policy has a strong negative moderating effect on environmental degradation. Urbanization has heterogenous effects over the panel, whereas trade openness has a positive correlation with emissions. The results offer policy recommendations to the SAARC governments that are working towards sustainable development under the framework of the Paris Agreement.

Determinants of Government Support for Enterprises Based on Random Forest Analysis: A Case Study of Western Guangdong Province

Li Sun — Fri, 05 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper studies the local enterprises that have received subsidies from Chinese local governments. Based on the 397 enterprises in the western part of Guangdong Province, data from three rounds of applications were collected between 2020 and 2024 for this analysis. The contents of the data set are as follows: type of industry, distribution area, revenue level, number of employees and innovation performance. According to the above indicators, a random forest model was employed in the study to examine the reasons for government subsidy distribution. The Model has an accuracy of 61.72%. Based on the above data, the conditions for support by local governments in China have moved away from mainly focusing on enterprise income to giving more weight to per capital innovation results. Characteristics of the industry and the level of enterprise income are also supporting factors for the evaluation.