Journal of Economics, Management & Business Administration

Effect of Training and Development on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Selected Banks in Mogadishu, Somalia

2026-01-04T08:22:32+00:00

The focus broadens to incorporate the impact of employee training and organizational development and the internal dynamics of contemporary businesses. To assess the impact of training and development of employees in contemporary businesses, a consolidated research methodology was adopted which included, quantitative and qualitative approaches. To achieve this, the researchers used a range of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative portion consisted of a structured questionnaire sent to employees across multiple organizations, while the qualitative portion was derived from the in-depth interviews with managers and human resources. Fathoming of the results was achieved through the application of statistical methods and thematic analysis. The research results established a strong linkage between employee training and development, and enhancement of their performance. The research also showed that employees who underwent relevant training, structured training, and training with a purpose acknowledged a positive change in their performance, increased satisfaction, and enhanced engagement in their job. The research also established a range of elements that influence the effectiveness of training and development programs; some of these include organizational culture, managerial commitment, training resources, and employee motivation. The findings argue the impact of the outlined factors. The organizations which focus on specific training and development activities will likely have highest employee productivity, employee satisfaction, and overall achievement of the organization. The focus of this specific study is on the training and development activities pertaining to specific employees and the organization as a whole. The study also indicates that to realize the benefits of training and development, there must be adequate and relevant managerial support, the right resources, and constructive training environment. The evidence related to training and development and employee performance is documented evidence that this study contributes to the available literature. The evidence-based recommendations contained in the research help organizations in the improvement of the design, implementation, and evaluation of their training and development activities. Hence, this study will be of great importance to Human Resource practitioners, managers, and policy makers in assisting organizations to attain productivity in a highly competitive environment.

Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Decision-Making in Pakistan’s Service Sector

2026-01-05T14:17:58+00:00

The Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis is one of the basic financial management tools used to help managers in grasping the correlation between costs, sales volume, and profits. CVP analysis offers information in terms of pricing strategies and cost control and profit planning in the service sector of Pakistan where operational efficiency and strategic decision-making are important. This paper explores the use of CVP analysis in service-oriented companies, and its usage in making decisions in uncertain situations. The study utilizes empirical data of hotels, hospitals and educational organizations within major Pakistani cities in identifying the effect of fixed and variable costs on profitability and how service managers make use of CVP information in pricing, budgeting and strategic decisions. Results indicate that though CVP analysis is well known because of its potential to be used to make decisions, it has challenges in its practical application that include inaccuracy in allocation cost, unstable demand, and lack of managerial skill. The paper highlights the importance of training, appropriate accounting and scenario-based planning in maximizing decision-making processes and improving financial performance in the service sector in Pakistan.

Effect of Digital Payment Systems and Mobile Wallets on Consumer Behavior and Financial Inclusion

2026-01-05T14:22:53+00:00

The fast growth of digital payment platforms and mobile wallets has altered the nature of consumer engagement with the financial service, especially in emerging economies. This paper discusses how adopting digital payments will impact consumer behavior, financial decision-making and financial inclusion in general. Based on the available empirical research and world financial inclusion data, the paper contends that mobile wallets can result in increased access, build efficiency of transactions, and formal financial inclusion of underserved population. Results show that convenience, perceived security, trust and technological literacy play a significant role in consumer adoption behavior. Additionally, online payment systems lower transaction costs, enhance transparency, and enable women, rural consumers and the low-income groups to access the financial system. The authors find that digital payment systems are a boost to the inclusive finance sector, yet, under the condition of reinforcement of regulatory frameworks, digital literacy programs, and cybersecurity systems.

Effect of Macroeconomic Variables (Inflation, Exchange Rate) on Corporate Investment Decisions and Firm Performance in Pakistan: A Case Study of the Manufacturing Sector

2026-01-05T14:27:44+00:00

The uncertainty in inflation and exchange rates can be of vital importance in influencing corporate strategy and firm performance in emerging markets like Pakistan which transpire due to sell macroeconomic fluctuations. This paper analyses how the macroeconomic variables, which are inflation and exchange rates fluctuations, influence the investment decisions of corporations and the overall performance of firms in the manufacturing industry of Pakistan. The research is based on secondary data on the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the State Bank of Pakistan and annual reports of major manufacturing companies, which investigate how the increase in inflationary pressures and fluctuations in exchange rates are artificial in terms of investment planning, capital allocation and profitability. The results show that a continued inflation will decrease the real investment capacity of firms by weakening the purchasing power and raising the cost of production whereas losing appreciation of the exchange rate will harm firms that rely on imported raw materials and at the same time benefit export oriented manufacturers. The paper identifies strategic significance of macroeconomic forecasting and risk-reduction measures to the long-term financial sustainability of firms. These findings have elicited useful implications on both the policymakers, business leaders, and economic planners in order to increase competitiveness and stability in the manufacturing sector in Pakistan.

Effectiveness of Digital Learning Platforms on Student Performance in Pakistani Universities

2026-01-05T14:32:43+00:00

Digital learning platforms have become a new mandatory aspect of higher education in the world as they provide students with opportunities to study through flexible access to course materials, interactive learning instruments, and collaborative opportunities. Digital learning platforms have been rapidly adopted in Pakistani universities, especially in reaction to the pandemic, which caused problems (e.g. growing enrollment, scarce classroom resources, etc.). In this paper, the author will look at the effectiveness of digital learning platforms on student performance by looking at criteria like platform accessibility, usability, engagement and instructor support. Structured questionnaires and academic performance records were used to collect data about 6 universities in Pakistan, which included three public and three private universities. The results show that digital platforms increase the learning outcomes when they are convenient, easy to use, and accompanied by the instructor support. Nevertheless, their potential is curtailed by issues like unreliable internet connectivity, poor levels of digital literacy and substandard technological infrastructure. The paper concludes that institutional support, faculty training and pedagogically informed platform design are important to ensure effective integration of digital platforms to ensure the maximum performance of students.