Hybrid Plasmonic Modes In Graphene-Loaded Waveguide Surrounded By Insb And Magnetized Plasma Layers

Abstract

In this paper, hybrid plasmonic modes are theoretically investigated in a graphene-loaded waveguide surrounded by indium antimonide (InSb) and magnetized plasma layers operating in the GHz frequency regime. The dispersion relation is derived using transfer matrix technique and the conductivity of graphene is modeled using the Kubo formalism. Hybrid plasmon modes are observed due to the presence of anisotropic plasma. The influence of material parameters such as chemical potential ("μ" _"c" ), cyclotron frequency ("ω" _"c" ), plasma frequency ("ω" _"p" ")," relaxation time (τ), number of graphene layers (N), and temperature (T) on effective mode index (EMI) and graphene’s conductivity are numerically analyzed. Numerical results show that the variations in graphene’s chemical potential and relaxation time significantly influence the EMI and cutoff frequencies. Higher chemical potential "(" "μ" _"c" ")" increases the cutoff frequency and enhances plasmonic coupling. Furthermore, tensorial permittivity of magnetized plasma parameters i.e., cyclotron frequency and plasma frequency play crucial role in modulating the dispersion curves and shift the plasmonic frequencies. The temperature-dependent permittivity of InSb provides an additional degree of freedom for tuning electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation. These findings may have potential applications in tunable plasmonic devices, optical devices related to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by using plasma, and thermal photonic devices.